Mu nkuru yabanje nakubwiye ko abayahudi bakimara kubona yerusalemu, bahise barahirira Imana ndetse n’umwami kuyirinda ku kiguzi cyose byabasaba niyo cyaba icy’amaraso! Ese koko baje gutanga iki kiguzi cy’amaraso nk’uko babirahiye? Ikaze mu gice cya 2. Mbere yo kumva amateka atangaje yakurikiye ibyo byose kugeza uyu munsi, kugirango usobanukirwe neza banza unyuze amaso mu gice cyabanje unyuze hano:

Yerusalemu, umujyi umaze imyaka ibihumbi 5000 mu ntambara zizasozwa n’imperuka: amateka yawo atangaje muri iyi nkuru

Mu gihe ubwami bwa isiraheli bwari mu bushorishori bw’ubutegetsi mu isi, Yerusalemu yabaye umujyi w’igitangaza birenze kubera ko na nyuma ya Dawidi umuhungu we w’icyamamare wari umukire kandi akaba umunyabwenge kurusha abandi bose bari ku mubumbe(Umwami Salomo) yahubatse urusengero rwakataraboneka yise urw’agahebuzo rw’Imana ya Isiraheli.

Ibi nabyo byongereye agaciro gakomeye cyane uyu murwa, umurwa noneho utangira no kwaguka bitangaje maze ukurura abami n’ibikomangoma, wari umurwa ushashagirana muri icyo gihe. Ibikomangoma n’abami bo ku isi yose batangiye kuza gukorera ubukerarugendo muri uyu murwa wari umaze gutakwa ubwiza n’ingoro y’Imana yari yubatswe na Salomo mu mujyi wa Yerusalemu.

Mwibuke umwamikazi wi sheba, ariko ntanubwo ariwe wenyine hari n’abandi bami baturutse imihanda yose baje kureba ibintu 2 by’ingenzi: ubuhangage bw’abatuturage ba Yerusalemu n’ubwiza bw’umurwa wari umujyi w’igitangaza w’amabengeza.

Mu gihe gisaga imyaka 600 ubwami bw’abayahudi bwamaze bwigenga bunitegeka, byagejeje umujyi wa Yerusalemu ku gasongero k’ubuhangange muri icyo gihe. Gusa mu kinyejana cya 7 imitegekere y’isi yarahindutse haduka ubwami bushya kandi bukomeye bwabashaga kwigarurira isi hafi ya yose yariho icyo gihe. Ni uku rero ibitero karahabutaka byakurikiranye:

Guhera mu mwaka wa 606 kugera mu mwaka wa 586 mbere y’uko Yesu Kristo aza mu isi, ubwmi bwari bukomeye bwa Babuloni ya Nebukadinezari yateye umujyi wa Yerusalemu, arawusenya bikomeye cyane guhera ku nkuta zawo zari ziwuzengurutse kugera no ku rusengero rw’Imana ikomeye isumba izindi rwari rwarubatswe n’umwami Salomo.

Muri ibi bihe yanatwaye abayahudi benshi abatwara bunyago abajyana i Babuloni bose abajyana ari imbohe, yatwaye kandi ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ingoro y’Imana. Iki gihe ishyano ryari riguye kubera ko guhera uwo munsi kwigenga ndetse no kwitegeka kwa Yerusalemu byahise bivaho. Yerusalemu wari warahoze ari umurwa w’igenga wa Isiraheli wagiye wakuranwa mu bukoroni n’ubwami bwa Babuloni, Abamedi n’abaperesi, abagereki ndetse n’ubwami bw’abaromani. Aba bose uko bagiye bakurikirana banakuranwa, niko bagiye bigarurira uyu mujyi wahoze ari uwaba Isiraheli.

Mu mwaka wa 536 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo, abanyababuloni batsinzwe n’ubwami bw’abamedi n’abaperesi. Kuva ubwo, Yerusalemu nayo yahise ijya mu biganza by’abaperesi maze ihinduka intara y’ubwami bw’abaperesi ako kanya, ndetse umujyi wa Yerusalemu urongera urubakwa kubera ko ubwami bwa Babuloni bwari bwarawushenye burundu.

Umwami w’abaperesi wakoze amateka akongera kuwubaka ni uwitwa Artezarusi. Icyo gihe nibwo i Yerusalemu hanubatswe urundi rusengero rwamenyekanye cyane nk’urusengero rwa kabiri, kubera ko urwambere Salomo yari yarubatse rwari rwarasenywe Burundu na Nebukadinezari.

Ninabwo kandi icyo gihe abayahudi bongeye kuwuturamo bavuye i Babuloni, ibi nakubwiraga byo kuba munsi y’ubwami bw’abamedi n’abaperesi byamaze imyaka isaga 200 mbere y’uko umwe mu barwanyi bakataraboneka mu mateka y’isi w’umunya Macedonia w’umugereki Generali Alexandre Le grand atsindiye abaperesi akigarurira ubwami bwabo maze icyo gihe abagereki nabo bahinduka ubwami bukomeye cyane butegeka isi ariko aha ngaha abayahudi b’i Yerusalemu barwanyije cyane imyemerere y’abagereki bagenderaga ku myemerere y’Imana nyinshi.

Bavugaga ko ari abapagani, babanje kwanga kuyoboka. Iki gihe abayahudi bari mu murwa wa Yerusalemu babaye nk’abagira ubwigenge bucagase kugera ku myaka 69 mbere ya Yesu Kristo. Mu gihe rero bari bataramara imyaka 70 bafite ubwigenge bwuzuye, Yerusalemu na none yongeye kwigarurirwa n’umu generali w’umuromani Pombe. Icyo gihe hari mu gihe cy’ubuhangange bw’umu generali akaba n’umunyapolitiki w’umuromani Jules Cesar. Muri ibi bihe na none, abaromani bongeye kwigarurira Yerusalemu, bashyizeho umwami ubategekera Yerusalemu kandi izina rusange ry’abo bami bategekaga Yerusalemu ryari Herode.

Uzwi cyane muri abo bose ni uwitwa Herode le Grand cyangwa se Herode the great. Muri iki gihe rero cy’abaromi, nibwo Yesu Kristo yavukiye mu isi, inkuru yivuka rye benshi mu isi barayizi cyangwa se barayimenye abamwemera n’abatamwemera. Ikizwi rero ahangaha ni uko mu gihe cy’ivuka rye, umurwa wa Yerusalemu n’ubundi wari ukibarizwa mu bukoroni bw’abaromani kuko Yesu ubwo yavutse Yerusalemu iyoborwa nuwo twakwita nk’umutware cyangwa se guverineri witwa Herode nkuko amazina yabo bose yagombaga kuba ari. Gusa nawe yayitegekaga adafite ububasha bwose kubera ko ububasha yabuhabwaga n’ingoma y’abaromani.

Biturutse ku kwigumura no gusuzugura amategeko ya Roma kw’abantu bari batuye i Yerusalemu, uyu mujyi wongeye gusenywa bwa kabiri. Hari mu mwaka wa 70 nyuma ya Yesu Kristo, aha ngaha noneho wasenywe bikomeye n’ingabo z’ubwami bw’abaromani zari ziyobowe n’umu generali w’umuromani Titus. Hari ku ngoma y’umwami Kayizari wari ufite izina rya Vespasia, uyu Kayizari Vespasia yagize umujinya ukomeye cyane nyuma yo kubona ko abaturage ba Yerusalemu badashaka kumva na gato amabwiriza yabaga avuye ku kicaro cy’ubwami i Roma.

Ubwo uyu mujyi wasenywaga na Roma, ninabwo Abayahudi babuze igihugu cyabo ku buryo bwa burundu baratatana bajya mu bihugu bitandukanye hirya no hino ku isi baraburana rwose basa naho babuze gakondo muri iyi si wa mugani wa ya ndirimbo. Ahahoze ari umujyi wagatangaza wa Yerusalemu, hategetswe n’abaromani ari amatongo mu myaka isaga 600 y’ubutegetsi bwabo.

Mu rwego rwo guhindura amateka ya Isiraheli burundu, bahise bategeka ko agace kose kitwaga kanani kagomba guhindurirwa izina kakitwa Palestine. Palesitine ni izina ryaje mu kinyejana cya 2 mu mwaka w’135 nyuma ya Yesu Krisito, hari hashize icyo gihe imyaka 65 Yerusalemu yarakubiswe hasi yarabaye amatongo. Cyakora nyuma yaho ubwami bw’abaromani nabwo bwarahirimye mu kinyejana cya 6 nyuma ya Yesu. Yerusalemu yagiye ijya mu maboko y’abantu batandukanye banayihanganiye bikomeye kugirango bayegukane byumwihariko amadini yarimo azamuka muri icyo gihe kwisonga kiliziya Gaturika na Islam.

Abangaba nabo barwanye intambara zikomeye cyane kugirango bigarurire uwo mujyi bawushyiremo amateka yabo. Mwumvise intambara za crusades, aya ni amateka ukwayo yihariye twavugaho bigatwara ukundi gihe, ariko nyine mu buryo bw’umvikana Yerusalemu yabaye isibaniro ry’intambara hagati y’abakristo n’aba Islam igihe kirekire cyane, nibura ibinyejana bine.

Abakristo bakavuga ko byanze bikunze kuba Kristo yaravukiye aho hantu kandi hakaba hari inyubako n’ibimenyetso by’amateka bigaragaza yuko aho hantu ari ku gicumbi cy’abakristo nta kabuza hagomba kujya mu biganza bya Kiliziya Gaturika. Icyo gihe, Kiriziya yari mu bushorishori ifata ibice bitandukanye by’isi ariko ku rundi ruhande abayisilamu nabo bagaragazaga impamvu zigaragaza ko kuva na kera mu mateka rwose aha ngaha ariho hamanukiye ubuhanuzi bwahawe intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi, ndetse bakavuga ko nta kintu kigomba kuvana ubu butaka mubiganza bya Islam maze intambara zikarota ubwo.

Mu mwaka wa 638 nyuma ya Yesu Kristo, umujyi wa Yerusalemu wigaruriwe n’abarwanyi b’abarabu  b’aba islam nsetse ujya mu biganza by’abarabu mu myaka irenga 450, ni ukugeza nibura mu kwezi kwa 7 k’umwaka w’1099. Nyuma yabwo nanone uyu mujyi waje kongera kwigarurirwa n’abarwanyi babanyamisaraba ba Kiliziya gatulika les croixants, ni mu ntambara ya mbere ya crusades ndetse benshi mu bakristo bawigaruriye bari batuye i Yerusalemu mu butaka butagatifu bwari buvuye mu biganza by’uzuye amategeko n’amateka bya islam.

Bigeze mu kinyejana cya 16 Nyuma ya Kristo, Yerusalemu yagiye mu biganza by’ubwami bwa Turkey otman bwari buyobowe n’aba islam bari bamaze gukomera cyane mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.

Mu gice gikurikira nzagaruka ku ntambara idasanzwe y’intatane z’abisiraheli  yo kwigarurira Yerusalemu kugeza ubwo ubu iri mu biganza byabo mu buryo ariko butuzuye neza.

Mugire amahoro

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