Yeriko uzwi nk’umugi wakomeje guturwa mu myaka myinshi cyane kandi niwo mujyi ukuze kurusha indi ku isi. Ni wo mujyi waciye agahigo ko kuba muto nyamara ukamenywa na benshi kurusha indi ku isi yose. Uri ku butumburuke bwo hasi cyane muri feet 800 cyangwa metero 250 munsi y’inyanja. Izina ry’uyu bikekwa ko rikomoka ku ijambo rya kera cyane “Yareah” risobanura moon cyangwa ukwezi. Ibi byose n’ukubera uyu mujyi mu myaka yak era wari isangano ryasengerwagamo ikigirwamana cy’ukwezi. Mu gihe bise Midle bronze Age, uyu mujyi wari utuwe n’abanyakanini kandi warakuze cyane kugeza aho hubatswe urukuta runini cyane ruwuzengurutse. Uru rukuta rudasanzwe rwamaze imyaka myinshi cyane kugeza ubwo rwangijwe igice kimwe n’abisiraheli bayobowe na Yosuwa.

N’iki cyemeza ko inkuta za Kera za Yeriko zabayeho?

Umujyi wa kera wa Yeriko wari uherereye ahitwa Tel es-sultan, wakozweho ubushakashatsi n’amatsinda agera kuri 4 y’abashakashatsi bo mu bihugu bitandukanye mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 100. Umujyi wa Yeriko niwo wavuzweho kurimbuka gukomeye nkuko byanditswe mu gitabo cya yosuwa wari uyoboye urugamba rwayirimbuye.

Mu myaka ya nyuma ya Bronze age, Birashoboka ko uyu mujyi ariwo wari warahinduriwe izina ukitwa Hykos city dore ko bizwi neza wari utuwe n’abanyakanani. Muri iki gihe uyu mujyi wari uzwiho kugira amabuye meza ukanagira n’inkuta zikoze mu matafari akomeye cyane. Urukuta ruto ruzwi cyane ku izina rya es-sultan, rwari ruherereye ku gice cy’uburasirazuba bw’uyu mujyi kandi rwari rufike metero 5 z’ubujyejuru.

Dukurikije ibyavumbuwe n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi b’abadage mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, Imbere wahitaga uhasanga amazu yubatse mu matafari akomeye yo muri icyo gihe kandi amwe muri ayo mazu yabaga afatanye n’inkuta k’ububuryo busa nk’ubutangaje. Biravugwa cyane ko Rahabu yari atuye mu nzu nk’iyi yegereye urukuta, ibintu byatumye abasha kunyuza abatasi b’abisiraheli mu idirishya bakagera hanze y’umurwa mu buryo bworoshye. Dore uko Bibiliya ibivuga: Abo bagabo baramusubiza bati “Amagara yacu mukijije natwe tuzabitura gukiza ayanyu. Nimutatubūra, Uwiteka namara kuduha igihugu tuzakwitura ineza. Ni iby’ukuri.”Arabohereza, abamanuza umugozi abanyujije mu idirishya kuko inzu ye yari hejuru y’inkike y’umudugudu, ni ho yari atuye. Nuko arababwira ati “Mujye mu misozi kugira ngo mudahura n’ababagenza, mumareyo iminsi itatu mwihishe kugeza aho ababagenza bazahindukirira, nyuma muzigendere.”

Ibivugwa na Yosuwa bihuriye hehe n’ibyavumbuwe mu mujyi wa Yeriko?

Ubuvumbuzi kuri uyu mujyi wa Yeriko bwagaragaje amatafari y’umutuku menshi yagushijwe mu gihe cya kera kandi ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ayo matafari akuze cyane kuburyo ntagushidikanya ari ayo mu gihe cya kera cya Yosuwa. Ibi rero nibyo umuntu yakwitega amaze gusoma igice cya 6 cya Yosuwa  aho bakubwira ibyo kugwa gutangaje kwa Yeriko n’uburyo yinjiwe n’abisiraheli mu buryo busa n’ubutangaje.

 Abantu baherako barangurura amajwi abatambyi bakivuza amahembe, muri ako kanya abantu bumvise amajwi y’amahembe barangurura amajwi, inkike z’amabuye zirariduka, abantu barazamuka batera umudugudu, umuntu wese imbere ye barawutsinda. Barimbura rwose ibyari muri uwo mudugudu byose, abagabo n’abagore, abato n’abakuru, inka n’intama n’indogobe babyicisha inkota (Yosuwa 6: 20-21).

Igitabo cya Yosuwa kitubwira ko igitero cyatewe kuri Yeriko cyari gito ku buryo Abisiraheli batiriwe babamba amahema ahantu hanini mu gutegura uru rugamba ruri mu zaboroheye kurusha izindi. Inkuru yanditswe na Yosuwa ikomeza ivuga ko Abisiraheli batwitse uyu mujyi kurwego rukomeye ndetse bica benshi mubari bawutuye.

Mu buryo busobanutse neza, abashakashatsi bavumbuye ibi buvugwa na Yosuwa kuko basanze uyu mujyi ubundikiwe na metero nyinshi cyane z’ivu. Harakibazwa byinshi ku bijyanye n’igihe uyu mujyi waba waraturiwe ndetse n’igihe waba warasenyewe nyamara haherutse kuvumburwa inyandiko za kera cyane zemeza ko uyu mujyi wari utuwe mu kinyejana cya 15 mbere ya Kristo. Iyi nyandiko ikomeza ivuga ko nyuma waje kwangizwa n’umuriro ukamara igihe kinini udatuwe.

Yeriko mu bihe bya Yesu

Umwami uzwi cyane Herode yari yarubatse inzu zidasanzwe mu mujyi wa Yeriko. Muri izo twavuga nka Hypodrome Theatre, aqueduct house kandi zimwe mu nyubako ze za kera cyane zishobora kuboneka kugeza uyu munsi. Aha hantu kandi niho Yesu yakirije impumyi izwi cyane ku izina rya Barutoromayo anahahurira na Zakayo. Byaravuzwe cyane ko Yesu yiboneye n’amaso ye anagenda mu nzu za Herode zari zubatse i Yeriko! Niba bimeze bityo abahakana ko Yeriko yabayeho bashingira kuki? Kuri iyi nshuro turabona ukutibeshya kwa Bibiliya kandi guhakana ukuri kwayo hashingiwe ku bwenge buke bwa muntu kwaba ari nko kuvoma inyanja ukoresheje ikirahuri!

Murakoze

Ibyo twifashishijedutegura iyi nkuru:

All about archeology, Jerico: https://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/jericho-archaeology.htm

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